This collection highlights a sampling of articles focused on intensive intervention and data-based individualization (DBI). Although there is a wealth of research on key components of the DBI process (e.g., progress monitoring, validated intervention programs), this list is not intended to include articles that focus on specific steps in the DBI process, nor is it an exhaustive review of all available literature. In the list below, we highlight seminal research on DBI and articles published since 2011, when NCII was first funded.
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This guide is intended to accompany the sample literacy lessons and activities on the NCII website. It is divided into four sections covering the five components of reading, instructional principles of reading instruction intervention, how to use the NCII reading lessons, and additional resources.
In this webinar, Dr. Kristen McMaster provides an overview of Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) and discusses how CBM data can be used at the secondary level to monitor student progress. She discusses the purpose of CBM, provides a brief description of the research, and demonstrates how CBM data can be used to monitor student progress. She reviews CBM tools that are available for high schools in reading, mathematics, and the content areas, and provides instructions for developing CBM tools for use at the high school level. Following Dr. McMaster's presentation, representatives from Walla Walla High School in Walla Walla, Washington discuss how they have monitored school progress as part of their tiered intervention model.
Norms for oral reading fluency (ORF) can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students’ progress once instruction has begun. This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum-based measure of ORF and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Using data from three widely-used commercially available ORF assessments (DIBELS, DIBELS Next, and easyCBM), a new set of compiled ORF norms for grade 1-6 are presented here along with an analysis of how they differ from the norms created in 2006.
This webinar presents a data-based decision-making framework to individualize instruction for students with intensive needs in writing.
This module discusses approaches to intensifying academic interventions for students with severe and persistent learning needs. The module describes how intensification fits into DBI process and introduces four categories of intensification practices. It uses examples to illustrate concepts and provides activities to support development of teams’ understanding of these practices, and how they might be used to design effective individualized programs for students with intensive needs.
This training module demonstrates how academic progress monitoring fits into the Data-Based Individualization (DBI) process by (a) providing approaches and tools for academic progress monitoring and (b) showing how to use progress monitoring data to set ambitious goals, make instructional decisions, and plan programs for individual students with intensive needs.
This module is designed for interventionists, special educators, and general educators to review instructional strategies that students with mathematics difficulties need to be successful in both core instruction and intervention. Students with mathematics difficulties may make progress in intervention but still struggle in core because there is often not a bridge or support to show how the intervention connects to core. This module addresses these needs and identifies how all teachers need to support generalization and build upon mathematics trajectories for students to be successful.
Teams are a vital part of an effective multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) across both academics and behavior as well as special education. Making connections across the across the various teams used in MTSS and special education can be challenging. This resource from NCII and the PBIS Center, provides information about how DBI can support IEP implementation and provides a table with key considerations for teams working across the MTSS system.
With the closure of schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic, educators and administrators need to rethink how they collect and analyze progress monitoring data in a virtual setting. This collection of frequently asked questions is intended to provide a starting place for consideration.