This collection highlights a sampling of articles focused on intensive intervention and data-based individualization (DBI). Although there is a wealth of research on key components of the DBI process (e.g., progress monitoring, validated intervention programs), this list is not intended to include articles that focus on specific steps in the DBI process, nor is it an exhaustive review of all available literature. In the list below, we highlight seminal research on DBI and articles published since 2011, when NCII was first funded.
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This guide is intended to accompany the sample literacy lessons and activities on the NCII website. It is divided into four sections covering the five components of reading, instructional principles of reading instruction intervention, how to use the NCII reading lessons, and additional resources.
Norms for oral reading fluency (ORF) can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students’ progress once instruction has begun. This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum-based measure of ORF and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Using data from three widely-used commercially available ORF assessments (DIBELS, DIBELS Next, and easyCBM), a new set of compiled ORF norms for grade 1-6 are presented here along with an analysis of how they differ from the norms created in 2006.
This lesson features Carla Jo Whatley, a First Grade Teacher at Ferris Intermediate in Ferris ISD in Texas. In the lesson she illustrates how to use virtual manipulatives within a math lesson. These manipulatives allow educators and students to engage in the Concrete-Representational-Abstract approach without having the physical materials in front of them. For some educators, switching between platforms has been challenging. This lesson can be used synchronously or asynchronously, does not require using multiple platforms, and allows educators to apply the features of interactive base ten blocks. The collection includes a tip sheet, two video examples, and slides with virtual base ten block practice examples.
This brief highlights how to use culturally and linguistically aligned strategies to support multilingual learners within an multi-tiered system of supports framework
Data-based individualization (DBI) is a research-based process for individualizing and intensifying interventions through the systematic use of assessment data, validated interventions, and research-based adaptation strategies. This document introduces and describes the DBI process and how it can be used to support students who require intensive intervention in academics and/or behavior.
This activity was developed by Etmi Lopes Martins, school psychologist at Robert F. Kennedy Elementary School in Providence, Rhode Island. This lesson includes a tip sheet and a video tutorial that demonstrates how to create and implement the 5-point scale in a virtual setting. A 5-point scale is a simple social and emotional learning tool that can help students with self-management. To learn more about self-management and the 5-point scale, visit NCII’s behavioral strategy guide.
This activity was developed by Michelle Silvia, reading coach at Robert F. Kennedy Elementary School in Providence, Rhode Island. This lesson illustrates the use of Elkonin boxes in a virtual setting and includes three variations. Elkonin boxes are an instructional method used to build phonological awareness by segmenting words into individual sounds or phonemes. Elkonin boxes are commonly used in the early elementary grades or with students who need additional phonics interventions. This lesson includes a tip sheet as well as PowerPoint templates that can be used to support the use of Elkonin boxes in virtual settings by allowing the student to click and drag a "token" on the screen. The examples illustrate variations for use with tokens, letter tiles, and word building
This activity was developed by Tammy Moran a special education teacher in Ferris Independent School District. In this lesson, she illustrates the use of the Understand-Plan-Solve-Evaluate (UPSE) Method. This method is a problem-solving strategy that can be used to support students struggling with word problems. The lesson can be used synchronously or asynchronously and does not require using multiple platforms. This collection includes a tip sheet, a video example, slides to facilitate the lesson, a UPSE template, and reflection questions.
For children with the most severe and persistent academic and/or behavioral challenges, parent and family involvement is vital. School teams can use this guide to better understand intensive intervention and how to engage parents and families with the process.