In this article, Drs. Ketterlin Geller, Lembke, and Powell discuss how they are supporting educators to implement (1) the process of data-based individualization (DBI), (2) the principles of explicit and systematic instruction, and (3) key components of algebra readiness as part of Project STAIR (Supporting Teaching of Algebra: Individual Readiness).
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NCII developed a series of mathematics lessons and guidance documents to support special education instructors, mathematics specialists, and others working with students who struggle with mathematics. These lessons and activities are organized around six mathematics skill areas that are aligned to college– and career-ready standards, and incorporate several instructional principles that may help intensify and individualize mathematics instruction to assist teachers and interventionists working with students who have difficulty with mathematics.
In this video, Sarah Powell, Assistant Professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of Texas at Austin, discusses key considerations when teaching students with math difficulty.
This video demonstrates how to use the set model to add fractions with unlike denominators. The set model allows students to easily find like denominators and manipulate pieces of the fraction in order to perform computation; however, using the set model in this instance does require many steps and students need to remember that whole is represented by a set of chips (in this case, 12 chips). Beginners and students who struggle may benefit from a visual checklist to use while performing addition of fractions with unlike denominators using the set model.
This video demonstrates how to use benchmark fractions, such as ½, to compare fractions with unlike denominators. When students show that they are proficient comparing fractions using concrete manipulatives or pictorial representations, they may be ready to compare fractions using reasoning strategies without representations. For beginners and for students who struggle, it may also be important for teachers to model to students how to check their work using other tools, such as fraction tiles.
This video shows how to use the set model to represent fractions, such as 1/2. In the set model, the whole is represented by a set of objects, such as two-colored chips. Individual chips within the set, represent the fractional parts. It is important that students be exposed to the set model because fractions in real-world settings are often represented this way.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction circles to help students compare the value of several fractions with different numerators and denominators. The use of direct modeling with concrete manipulatives, such as fractions circles, allows students to develop conceptual understanding of fractions before they attempt to compare fractions without concrete manipulatives or pictorial representations. After students have had multiple opportunities to practice comparing fractions with concrete manipulatives, they may be ready to use other strategies such as mental images and reasoning strategies.
This video demonstrates how to use fraction tiles to explore how different fractions can be equivalent to the same value, such as 1/5 and 2/10. It is important for students to understand that fractions have multiple representations because they can apply this knowledge to compare fractions, find common denominators, and perform computation with fractions.
This video demonstrates how to use base-10 blocks to help students solve division problems that cannot be solved with automatic retrieval. The use of direct modeling with concrete manipulatives to demonstrate division allows students to visualize the division of a quantity into equal groups. Students should have multiple opportunities to practice division with manipulatives to develop an understanding of the steps for regrouping and dividing quantities into equal groups. While students may have moved on to traditional algorithms with other operations (e.g., subtraction) they may still require the use of concrete manipulatives with learning division.
This video illustrates how to use the traditional addition algorithm with regrouping.