NCII provides a series of reading lessons to support special education instructors, reading interventionists, and others working with students who struggle with reading. These lessons, adapted with permission from the Florida Center for Reading Research and Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk, address key reading and prereading skills and incorporate research-based instructional principles that can help intensify and individualize reading instruction.
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All behavior serves a purpose or function—typically to access or avoid something. Thus, it is important to figure out the function of a student’s behavior to develop a plan with likelihood for success. To help determine function, school teams should start by collecting data on the A, B, Cs of behavior: Antecedent (A): anything that happens immediately before the behavior occurs Behavior (B): the action a student demonstrates that can be clearly defined and measured Consequence (C): any event (positive or negative) that occurs after a student demonstrates a behavior Once the function is determined, strategies or interventions can be put into place.
Diagnostic tools provide data to assist educators in designing individualized instruction and intensifying intervention for students who do not respond to validated intervention programs. Diagnostic tools can be either informal, which are easy-to-use tools that can be administered with little training, or standardized, which must be delivered in a standard way by trained staff. Teams may find it helpful to initially consider using more informal and easily accessible diagnostic tools and data to avoid loss of instructional time. Standardized diagnostic tools, which require more time to administer and interpret, may be required for students who continually demonstrate a lack of response or who require special education.
This module discusses consequence strategies to increase behavior. More specifically, how do you encourage more of the desired behavior? This module introduces a variety of different strategies to do this. By the end of this module you should be able to: Describe consequence strategies to increase behavior Establish a continuum of strategies to acknowledge appropriate behavior Appropriately adjust use of reinforcement
This module discusses how to define, measure and monitor behavior. By the end of the module you should be able to: Select an appropriate target behavior Write an operational definition for a target behavior Identify relevant dimensions of behavior Choose a measurement system based on relevant dimensions of behavior Use graphing conventions to create meaningful visual displays of data
This module discusses consequence strategies to decrease behavior. By the end of the module you should be able to: Describe consequence strategies to decrease behavior Establish a continuum of strategies to respond to inappropriate behavior
This module describes how to use data (Module 6) to inform decision making in the classroom. How do you know you are choosing the right interventions, and implementing with the right intensity, to influence a change in student behavior? By the end of this module you should be able to: Describe why we use data for decision making Determine if core features of classroom management practices are in place with fidelity Determine if all individuals in your classroom are achieving desired outcomes Develop an action plan to enhance or intensify support as needed
This module applies behavioral theory to strategy to use in the classroom. The focus is on antecedents and instructional strategies. This module should be viewed once the basic behavioral terms have been learned. By the end of this module you should be able to: Maximize structure in the classroom Post, teach, prompt, review, monitor and reinforce a small number of positively stated expectations Actively engage students in observable ways
This module is a continuation of behavioral theory from Module 1. By the end of this module, you should be able to: Define and identify elements of the four-term contingency Define and describe procedures involved with teaching: shaping, chaining, prompting, stimulus control and phases of learning
This module identifies Tier II and Tier III interventions for students at risk and high risk for behavioral challenges. By the end of this module you should be able to: Describe the decision-making process to indicate Tier II is appropriate Identify critical features of Tier II Discuss how to modify Tier II interventions to meet the needs of more students Highlight critical elements of a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) Choose a desired and replacement behavior Complete a Competing Pathway Model Begin to identify strategies to make the problem behavior irrelevant, inefficient, and ineffective